Malignancy has much in common with infections, in some cases, the development of tumors associated with viruses. But, more importantly, that every cancer cell is different from the healthy cells of the same tissue from which it originated. And these differences (composition of cellular structures, proteins, products of metabolism) make it alien to the body. In any organism in the process of cell renewal, which means that it is always formed cells that can give a malignant process. Control over this process and, naturally, the level of protection against tumor development belongs to the mechanisms of immunity. In animal communication functions with the development of tumor immunity has been proved with exhaustive conviction. The same pattern can be seen in human disease. Suffice it to say that people with congenital defects of immunity are much more developed tumors, the same danger lurks in the use of immuno-depressive therapy (eg organ transplants).

Academician R.E, Kavetsky created doctrine of antikantserogenoze comprising a complex of factors that allow the body to respond effectively to the development of neoplastic disease. Mechanisms of immunity are crucial in antikantserogenoze. It would seem that the use of vaccines that enhance the effectiveness of immunity, should provide a decisive success in the fight against cancer. Since the first researchers thought that began about a hundred years ago, work on the use of vaccines in oncology. Until now, optimistic hopes have not justified, but now scientists at least, may explain the reason for their failures and difficulties in the way of a vaccine.

The process of transformation of normal cells into malignant (mutation fixation in cells and its descendants signs of malignancy) - a long period of so-called pre-clinical development of cancer. By the time of detection, that is, the symptoms of the disease, the tumor is fully developed education with its own vascular network and the main features that determine the malignancy: a - the ability to grow into the surrounding tissues and organs, to penetrate into the vascular system and spread throughout the body through the bloodstream or lymph.

The tumor, more and more "pressing" on the body, but even its surgical removal does not guarantee a cure. One survivor of malignant cells is sufficient to ensure that within a few months to restore the original tumor volume. It is believed that immunity to the stage of clinical detection of disease relatively ineffective, that is, unable to overcome the development process. But this does not mean that the body stops fighting. On average, only one of thousands of cancer cells, forced their way into the bloodstream, is able to settle down in new place and give rise to the development of a new focus (metastasis), and the rest are dying under the influence of the body's defenses. If, after surgical removal of tumor relapse occurs, it is longer than the time of a statistically sufficient to restore tumor. All of this suggests that the body retains power to fight the disease. Obviously, it is important to help him in this.

Modern antitumor treatment strategy involves the removal of the primary site of tumor growth, suppression of the possible sources of relapse with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. But, as we have seen from years of experience in the fight against cancer, this is not enough. In addition, high costs, side effects of treatment in violation of various body functions, including its immunity. The question remains open as to increase our influence to change the course of the disease - to achieve cure or move (in the months and years) time of occurrence of relapse. And here we return to the use of vaccines.

What are the difficulties encountered along the way? Tumor tissue as opposed to an infectious agent (bacterial, viral), usually a weak antigen, that is well disguised as healthy tissue. Tumor antigen - specific factors on which the body recognizes and attacks a tumor cell, "hide" among many other antigens that determine the composition of the normal tissue. This is one of the difficulties of creating a universal vaccine for all cases. We know that just because of one key groove is not suitable to the castle. The same with the vaccine - to provide a complete coincidence and, therefore, the effect of its application can only tumor tissue in the same patient, who are being immunized. But that's not all, there is another important factor.

Sam immunity is two lines of defense. The first line - the so-called natural immunity meets any object bearing signs of foreignness to the body, second line - adoptive (acquired) immunity complements the protection on the first line and is directed against a specific object is threatening the body. Hence, the severity of adoptive immunity depends on early recognition of tumor cells and the reliability of their destruction. It follows two fundamental conclusion that define an effective vaccine - it should be possible to match fabric, which is directed against, and be strong enough to cause the development of an immunological response. Both of these factors are successfully combined in the original corresponding vaccine developed by scientists of the Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR) them. P.E. Kavetsky HAH Ukraine: the maximum agreement (specificity of vaccine) is determined using the tumor material obtained from the patient, and the strength of the vaccine (its immunogenicity) Ensure that the composition of its components of microorganisms, against which the body produces the strongest immune response.

Work on the creation of cancer vaccine conducted in IEPOR for over two decades. At the root of the direction was IEPOR DG Zatula. The vaccine is a combination of tumor material obtained from a patient during surgery, and fusion products of the bacterial culture selected in the specific experiments. Original composition and vaccine manufacturing technology protected by patents for invention. Long-term experiments on laboratory animals have confirmed the high efficacy and safety of the vaccine. Its clinical trials were conducted at the Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Ministry of Health of Ukraine and other leading hospitals and institutes in the country. Years of effort culminated in resolutions of the Academic Medical Council of Health of Ukraine and the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which confirmed the high efficacy of the vaccine, and encourages its further clinical studies to improve the treatment of cancer patients.

Search for Ukrainian scientists completed an impressive practical results and open up new scientific perspectives. The fact that this is the case, further evidence of the scientists in other countries. In the U.S. clinical trials of anticancer vaccines exceeded all expectations and yielded sensational results until a cure for cancers of the running. Several pharmaceutical companies have already announced the creation of individual cancer vaccines and started their production in quantities up to several thousand samples per year.

It is obvious that for future vaccines. Vaccine (corresponding vaccine, as the material obtained from the patient) is relatively time consuming, but very affordable treatment for cancer patients. The vaccine achieves convincing results - build on the success of surgical intervention to prevent or retard the development of recurrence and metastasis of the disease.

GP Potebnia, since mc., Deputy. for Research IEPOR NASU, SI Yalkut, MD, Art. Researcher IEPOR NASU, VN Gorbenko, K. v., ch. Doctor of Kharkiv Regional Oncology Center.